Saint Report Essays - Lycia, Christian Folklore, Santa Claus

Saint Report: St. Nicholas St. Nicholas, called "of Bari", Bishop of Myra (Fourth Century) 6 Dec. Feast day. The great veneration with which this saint has been honored for many ages and the number of altars and churches which have been everywhere dedicated in his memory are testimonials to his holiness and of the glory which he enjoys with God. He is said to have been born at Patara in Lycia, a province of Asia Minor. Myra, the capital, not far from the sea, was an episcopal see, and this church falling vacant, the holy Nicholas was chosen bishop, and in that station became famous by his extraordinary piety and zeal and many astonishing miracles. The Greek histories of his life agree that he suffered imprisonment of the faith and made a glorious confession in the latter part of the persecution raised by Dioletian, and that he was present at the Council of Nicaea and there condemned Arianism. The silence of other authors makes many justly suspect these circumstances. He died at Myra, and was buried in his cathedral. This summary account by Alban Butler tells us all that is known about the life of the famous St. Nicholas, and even a little more; for his episcopate at Myra during the fourth century is really all that seems indubitable authentic. This is not for lack of material, beginning with the life attributed to the monk who died in 847 as St. Methodius, Patriarch of Constantinople. But he warns us that "Up to the present the life of this distinguished Shepard has been unknown to the majority of the faithful", and sets about enlightening their ignorance nearly five hundred years after the saint's death. This is the least unreliable of the "biographical" sources available, and a vast amount of literature, critical and expository, have grown up around them. Nevertheless, the universal popularity of the saint for so many centuries requires that some account of these legends should be given here. We are assured that from his earliest days Nicholas would take nourishment only once on Wednesdays and Fridays, and that in the evening according to the canons. "He was exceedingly well brought up by his parents and trod piously in their footsteps. The child, watched over by the church enlightened his mind and encouraged his thirst for sincere and true religion". His parents died when he was a young man, leaving him well off and he determined to devote his inheritance to works of charity. An opportunity soon arose. A citizen of Patara had lost all his money, and had moreover to support three daughters who could not find husbands because of their poverty; so the wretched man was going to give them over to prostitution. This came to the ears of Nicholas, who thereupon took a bag of gold and, under cover of darkness threw it in at the open window of the man's house. Here was a dowry for the eldest girl and she was soon duly married. At intervals Nicholas did the same for the second and third; at the last time the father was on the watch, recognized his benefactor and overwhelmed him with his gratitude. It would appear that the three purses represented in pictures, came to be mistaken for the heads of three children and so they gave rise to the absurdstory of the children, resuscitated by the saint, who had been killed by an innkeeper and pickled in a brine -tub. Coming to the city of Myra when the clergy and people of the province were in session to elect a new bishop, St. Nicholas was indicated by God as the man they should choose. This was at the time of the persecutions at the beginning of the fourth century and "As he was the chief priest of the Christians of this town and preached the truths of faith with a holy liberty, the divine Nicholas was seized by the magistrates, tortured, then chained and thrown into prison with many other Christians. But when the great and religious Constatine, chosen by God assumed the imperial diadem of the Romans, the prisoners were released from their bonds and with them the illustrious Nicholas, who when he was set at liberty returned to Myra." St. Methodius asserts that "thanks to the

The History, Practice, Implications of Megans Law

The History, Practice, Implications of Megans Law Megans Law is a federal law passed in 1996 that authorizes local law enforcement agencies to notify the public about convicted sex offenders living, working or visiting their communities. Megans Law was inspired by the case of seven-year-old Megan Kanka, a New Jersey girl who was raped and killed by a known child molester who moved across the street from the family. The Kanka family fought to have local communities warned about sex offenders in the area. The  New Jersey  legislature passed Megans Law in 1994. In 1996, the U.S. Congress passed Megans Law as an amendment to the Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Childrens Act. It required every state have a sex offender registry and a notification system for the public when a  sex offender  is released into their community. It also required that repeat sex offenders receive a sentence of life in prison. Different states have different procedures for making the required disclosures. Generally, the information that is included within the notification is the  offenders name, picture, address, incarceration date, and offense of conviction. The information is most often displayed on free public  websites, but can be distributed through  newspapers, distributed in  pamphlets, or through various other means. The federal law was not the first on the books that addressed the issue of registering convicted sex offenders. As early as 1947, California had laws that required sex offenders to be registered. Since the passage of the federal law in May of 1996, all states have passed some form of Megans Law. History - Before Megan's Law Before Megans Law being passed, the Jacob Wetterling Act of 1994 required that each state must  maintain and  develop a registry of sexual offenders and other offenses related to crimes against children. However, the registry information was only made available to law enforcement and was not open to public viewing unless information about an individual became a matter of public safety. The actual effectiveness of the law as a tool to protect the public was challenged by Richard and Maureen Kanka of Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey after their 7-year-old daughter, Megan Kanka, was abducted, raped and murdered.  He was sentenced to death, but on  December 17, 2007, the death penalty was abolished by the New Jersey Legislature and Timmendequas sentence was  commuted  to  life in prison  without the possibility of  parole. Repeat sex offender, Jessee Timmendequas had been convicted twice for sex crimes against children when he moved into a home across the street from Megan. On July 27, 1994, he lured Megan into his house where he raped and murdered her, then left her body in a nearby park.  The following day he confessed to the crime and led police to Megans body. The Kankas said that had they known that their neighbor, Jessee Timmendequas was a convicted sex offender, Megan would be alive today.  The Kankas fought to change the law, wanting to make it mandatory that states notify the residents of a community when sex offenders are living in the community or move to the community. Paul Kramer, a Republican Party politician who served four terms in the New Jersey General Assembly, sponsored the package of seven bills known as Megans Law in New Jersey General Assembly in 1994. The bill was enacted in New Jersey 89 days after Megan was kidnapped, raped and murdered. Criticism of Megan's Law Opponents of Megans Law feel that it invites vigilante violence and reference cases like William Elliot who was shot and killed in his home by vigilante Stephen Marshall. Marshall located Elliots personal information on the  Maine Sex Offender Registry website. William Elliot was required to register as a sex offender at the age of 20 after being convicted of having sex with his girlfriend who was just days away from turning 16 years old. Reformist organizations have criticized the law because of the negative collateral effects on the family members of registered sex offender. It also finds it unfair because it means that sex offenders are subjected to indefinite punishments.

How Conservatives Would Reform Education

How Conservatives Would Reform Education The biggest obstacle to education reform is the existence of teachers unions. Unions act to protect the interests of teachers at any cost, even at the expense of students. Unions often work to minimize teacher accountability, protect low-quality teachers, and support the unsustainable expansion of retirement and health benefits. Labor unions once played a crucial role in ensuring fairness in the workplace. Unions were initially formed to protect workers against brutal employers who abused laborers, refused adequate breaks and time off, and did not ensure safe working conditions. Labor unions were never really intended for government workers or employees. For the most part, private labor union membership continues to fall as right-to-work reforms grow in strength in many states. When it comes to public sector unions, and specifically teachers unions, conservatives favor putting students needs first once again and ending the union-dominated culture that has prevented educational reforms in public education. As American students continue to lag in key areas and drop-out rates in major cities remain at unacceptable levels, it’s clear that the policies of the past have failed. Teachers have long enjoyed being portrayed as overworked and underpaid public servants who only go into the teaching field â€Å"for the children.† While that may have once been very true, union dominance has changed the this and, perhaps, the chief motivation for entering the profession. Unions have little to do with helping children. When teacher’s strike, it usually hurts the children they claim to have entered the profession for. Teachers arent in education for the money, they will tell us. In reality, unionized teachers typically strike for pay, preventing accountability, and enhancing already generous (and publicly paid) benefits. Support Merit Pay and Promote Standards Conservatives support ending the union-dominated contracts that oppose merit pay and advancement and places longevity of teaching over the quality of teaching. Conservatives support a merit-based system for public school teachers, and holding teachers accountable has been one of the most difficult things to do. Unions oppose most measures to determine whether teachers are effective and work to make it impossible to get rid of those who are not. Education is one of the few fields where a lack of results has no consequences, and length of teaching is of greater importance than the quality of teaching. In general, conservatives would support a bottom-up approach, and these standards would be local and statewide based. Applying the concepts of  federalism should apply to education, just as it should for most government-related agencies. Local school districts should have the greatest power to determine effective and acceptable standards without interference from the heavy hand of either a large bureaucratic federal government or unions. Common Core is designed to be a national standards program but is disguised as a voluntary program. Support School Choice Not surprisingly, the biggest obstacle in enacting favorable school-choice legislation has been the opposition of well-funded labor unions. Polls have consistently shown that parents and communities overwhelmingly support school choice. Parents should have the ability to select the school that is the best fit for their child. Unfortunately, protecting the jobs and salaries of government teachers - no matter how ineffective they may be - is the main goal of unions. Unions rightly fear that an open and competitive atmosphere would deplete the ranks of people who would voluntarily send their children to public schools, thus reducing the need for public teachers, and the need for unions themselves. Recent History: The 2012 Chicago Teachers Union Strike In 2012, the Chicago Teachers Union went on strike over pay and accountability. As they forced the cancellation of classes for hundreds of thousands of students – leaving families in a bind – they took to the streets carrying signs about how the strike was for the sake of the kids. While this was untrue, continuing the myth of the abused, underpaid public school teacher is of utmost importance. Hiding behind children is an unique advantage teachers have over other â€Å"public servants† like DMV processors or meter maids. (Imagine the amount of sympathy the drivers license clerk would get over a strike about increasing pay and benefits).​ With an average salary of $76,000, the typical Chicago teacher makes more money than roughly 3/4 of the country. Citing such teacher benefits as weekends off, nights off, long summers, and extended holidays are usually met with cries of â€Å"burnout.† Most jobs have a pretty big degree of burnout and teachers aren’t the only ones who get tired of their jobs and leave for something else. But teachers are special. They work with children. This supposedly makes teachers free from criticism. The major problem with the unions is that it becomes hard to find out who teaches for the children and who is there for the high-end government benefits. Unions have ensured teachers are among the most well-compensated, vacationed, and job-protected workforces in the country, all without true concern for what best helps students.

Exposure to acute and chronic stress has been linked closely with the Essay

Exposure to acute and chronic stress has been linked closely with the development of addiction and vulnerability to addiction relapse. Your task is to describe - Essay Example In order to elucidate the link mentioned in the title of the paper and to delve deep into the connections to be discussed, one must first explore the ‘meaning’ and to what the title represents as Stuart Hall states: Meaning is important and extremely necessary to communicate the understanding of general terms, and is, in this case, important to represent a connection which will be theorised further into the paper. Basically (and by ‘basically’ the general idea is implied), stress is a state of mind which depicts the fact that something would have caused strain and strain being responsible for the production of stress that we feel mentally and physically another way to define it would be: An example of stress and its interrelation to the mind and the body, would be to consider stress as a psychological value and then evaluate what could the outcomes be in physical form, for instance chronic stress could cause physical effects to the body in the form of fatigue or could cause the changes in physiological processes which could in turn cause the change in the blood chemistry and lead to a weaker immune system hence the physical or the biological (to be more precise) effect of a psychological function: stress. Likewise, stress can be caused by biological variables as in toxins, loud noise or drugs. Hence the relation; been established between stress and the way it interacts with the brain in a ‘superficial form’, one can proceed to discuss the link between Stress and Addiction and later on; stress and addictive behaviour. What we observe from our society and even the media is the fact that various ‘addictions’ have surfaced in this modern era. Be it drugs or other substance, be it behavioural or be it anything we feel we must keep on doing in a repetitive manner and involves the feeling of euphoria, for a part. What remains important is not the information ‘about’ stress but how

Matthew Hale and the Creativity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Matthew Hale and the Creativity - Research Paper Example Hale was only 2 years old when the Church of the Creator was founded. He was the youngest among 4 siblings composed of boys. At the early age of 11, Hale professed that â€Å"white people had been responsible for the vast majority of progress in the world, and as such, the idea that the races were 'equal' to one another seemed incorrect.† This was the year when the future Pontifex Maximus or highest priest of Creativity had his racial awakening. During his collegiate life, Hale wrote editorials for the university paper and there he supported and justified opinions towards White Separatism. The 80s was the era that should have started embracing equality and began to eliminate racism yet there are still people who did the opposite and further discriminate others who are not white.3 Klassen stated in his book that â€Å"the black man is without a doubt the most dangerous creature on the face of the earth to the further survival of the White Race. He is a danger that rivals that of the Jew himself, although for different reasons. Granted, the Jew is by far the greater overall danger in manipulating and destroying the White Race.†4 The founder of the WCOTC is one of the people who influenced the ideologies of Hale during his collegiate days. ... There were events that followed that Hitler and his other comrades did not approved of. Hitler and the others thought of the acts as a betrayal from the moralities that they were fighting for. This was the beginning of Hitler’s hatred towards other people who have opposing opinions towards his perspectives.5 Klassen considered Germany, Adolf Hitler and National Socialism as fighters for salvation. It was not just Hale who has been influenced by Hitler but also the founder of the WCOTC himself. It would not be a surprise as to why the Creativity Movement are full of anger and hatred not just to those who are not White but also to those who are White but Jews. Klassen even glorified Hitler’s inhumane actions by stating the following, â€Å"Well, he has done a great deal. For one thing he has bought us time. As we stated previously, undoubtedly by the end of the 1930's all of Europe and most likely the whole world would be lying crushed and gutted, cowering at the feet of the diabolical Jewish monster — communist Marxism. Adolf Hitler did not die in vain. He died for his beloved White Race, including you and me. He bought us at least 50 years of time in which we could rally ourselves and make a great Final effort to victoriously crush the monster that is now still clutching at our throat.†6 There are a couple of things that Klassen and Hitler believed in that complemented the thoughts and viewpoints of Hale; this would be hate and racism. Another thing in common between the 2 people who influenced Hale was both Klassen and Hitler committed suicide.7 8 When Hale was proclaimed as the Pontifex Maximus in 1996, he became the most prominent and most effective leader of the WCOTC. The World

Interpretations of our Culture and gender Essay Example for Free

Interpretations of our Culture and gender Essay Culture is a representation of many aspects ranging from indigenous practices, eating habits and even clothing, thus culture is expressed all the way through many and various ways, customs, habits and behaviors. Nevertheless culture is also identified through language. Culture and language are so intertwined and in that complexity, culture can neither be separated from language nor can language be separated from culture. The way people choose to use language in various phases of life affiliates them to a one specific culture from the other. In this context, cultures are very different from one another, for instance in some cultures women have no voice in society and there are roles that they are not allowed to play. However, (Embers 2007) note that, â€Å"it must not be forgotten that some people can create a class through stratification or class which may end in discrimination or segregation†. In this case there is class of the poor and another of the rich and through these classes; people develop a culture befitting them. In matters of sex or gender, some ethnic groups are very discriminative towards women and the class of women has been given lesser roles in society than men. Women do not make decisions or are not involved in decision making processes or procedures. However, it has dawned in many cultures that women play vital roles for the survival of many societies. Many rigid cultures that have rendered women voiceless have realized women at many a times make brilliant decisions than expected. So, what have they done? Women have been listened to and many have been given powerful leadership positions in such cultures to make impacting decisions. Currently, in many cultures women are leaders and they have performed. So far so good, there is no major disagreement and the way forward for many cultures is not to use gender or sex as a whip, but to be specific let girls and boys in any cultural setting get equal education, position and or all other favors, then give them equal opportunities. Reference: Ember, C. Ember, M. (2007). Cultural Anthropology, 12th Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

The Meteorologist Metaphor :: essays research papers

The Meteorologist Metaphor Jane Eyre is a novel filled with rich metaphors and foreshadowing that is as detailed as the characters that make up the pages. These metaphors are used to create imagery; but more importantly, Charlotte Bronte makes use of reoccurring metaphors that come together to form themes and symbolism. Think of the novel as a Jello mold. A Jello mold becomes much more interesting and tasty if it has random fruits scattered throughout trapped within the sweet gelatin. These fruits do for the Jello, what metaphors do for a novel. However, if there is one fruit that continuously is found within the Jello, say... bananas, than those bananas become more than just flavor enhancers. The bananas become a â€Å"theme† of the Jello, a â€Å"theme† that could be individually studied if the Jello was allowed to melt. Now I will attempt to melt the Jello that is Jane Eyre. In this case, weather is the bananas. Obviously I’m not as skilled at using metaphors as Charlotte Bronte. In Jane Eyre, good weather is Bronte’s tool used to foreshadow positive events or moods. Similarly, poor weather is her tool used in setting the tone for negative events or moods. This technique is exercised throughout the entire novel, alerting the readers of the upcoming atmosphere. Jane’s mood is, to a degree, determined by the weather mentioned. For example, after Jane was publicly and falsely accused of being a liar by Mr. Brocklehurst, an upcoming positive event is predicted when Jane describes her surroundings: Some heavy clouds swept from the sky by a rising wind, had left the moon bare; and her light streaming in through a window near, shone full both on us and on the approaching figure, which we at once recognize as Miss Temple. (79) After this sentence was read, Miss Temple invited the two girls to her room and treated them with cake and tea, which brings Jane comfort from the public humiliation she had recently endured. Another example of this is Jane’s first morning at Thornfield. A positive mood is foreshadowed when Jane describes the weather as such: The chamber looked such a bright little place to me as the sun shone in between the gay blue chintz window and carpeted floor, so unlike the bare planks and strained plaster of Lowood, that my spirit rose at the view. (105) This not only foreshadows the positive mood of Jane, but also the experience she will have in the near future living in Thornfield.

Course Syllabus Essay

This capstone course for the criminal justice administration undergraduate degree program provides students with an integration of acquired knowledge of theory to practical applications. Particular attention is given to integrating core content of criminal justice administration with specialized content from students’ selected concentration area. Students will assess the impact of their educational experiences on their professional competence and values, critical thinking and problem solving, communication, information utilization, and collaboration skills. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One: Overview of Administration of Justice Details Due Points Objectives 1.1 Critically evaluate current qualitative and quantitative research pertaining to trends in the criminal justice arena. 1.2 Evaluate past, present, and future trends in the interface between components of the criminal justice system and criminal justice connections with surrounding society. 1.3 Analyze organizational behavior concepts associated with common managerial practices involved in day-to-day operations within criminal justice settings. 1.4 Identify professional standards and values that apply across various components of the criminal justice system. 1.5 Analyze the relationship among ethics theory, critical thinking, and professional behavior within the administration of criminal justice. Readings Read this week’s Read Me First. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Examine this week’s Additional Readings. Discussion & Participation Participate in weekly class discussions (eight substantive posts on at least three class days). Each Week  4 Learning Team Instructions Meet and Greet Learning Team members who work together throughout the course. Create the Learning Team Charter. Begin preparing for Learning Team Assignment: Critical Thinking, Ethics, and Professional Standards As Assigned Individual Assignment Quiz #1 Complete the Week 1 Quiz #1 (found in Course Materials) Submit your responses to the Assignments Section Sunday Week 1 Day 6 Individual Assignment Quiz #2 Complete the Week 1 Quiz #2 (found in Course Materials) Submit your responses to the Assignments Section Sunday Week 1 Day 6 Learning Team Instructions Submit the Learning Team Charter. Monday Week 1 Day 7 Individual Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation Select one component of the criminal justice system (police, courts, or corrections). Write a 1,050 to 1,400 word paper: Evaluate and assess the past, present, and future trends of the criminal justice component you selected (limit your evaluation to post-World War II trends). Justify the future budgetary and managerial needs of the component you selected, and how these needs will affect other components of the criminal justice system. Include current qualitative and quantitative research data in your analysis. Format your paper to APA guidelines. Submit your paper to the Assignments Section. Note: Do not use a textbook as a reference – seek professional and scholarly reference sources, including our weekly readings. Monday Week 1 Day 7 Week Two: Policing Perspective: Theory and Application Details Due Points Objectives 2.1 Examine perspectives of the policing function from the local, state, and federal organizational levels. 2.2 Evaluate past, present, and future trends pertaining to the development and operation of the field of policing. 2.3 Identify leadership characteristics and responsibilities within policing organizations. 2.4 Apply prevailing theories of crime control to the policing function. 2.5 Analyze the organizational management, administration, and operational aspects of policing. Readings Read this week’s Read Me First. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Examine this week’s Additional Readings. Discussion & Participation Participate in weekly class discussions (eight substantive posts on at least three class days). Each Week Learning Team Instructions Begin preparing for Learning Team assignment: Discussion Question Q&A: Policing Perspective: Theory and Application. Individual Instruction Prepare and submit Week 1 Summary Wed Week 2 Day 2 Individual Organizational Management and Operations Analysis Police agencies exist at the federal, state, and local government levels. These agencies have legal, jurisdictional, and functional commonalities and differences. Write a 1,050 to 1,400 word paper in which you identify, compare, and contrast the policing functions and the legal and jurisdictional differences of the local, state, and federal levels of police. Analyze similarities and differences of the organizational, management, administration, and operational functions of each level, and why these exist. Format your paper to APA guidelines. Submit your paper to the Assignments Section. NOTE: Do not use a textbook as a reference — seek out professional and scholarly reference sources, including our weekly readings. Monday Week 2 Day 7 Learning Team Critical Thinking, Ethics, and Professional Standards Analysis Write a 1,400 to 2,100 word paper: Analyze the relationship between ethics and professional behavior in the administration of criminal justice. Describe the role of critical thinking with regard to the relationship of criminal justice ethics and professional standards across criminal justice components. Identify five current or recent (within past year) criminal justice professional standards issues in the news and explain the related ethical conduct issue. Format your paper to APA guidelines. Designate a team member to submit your team assignment. Submit your paper to the Assignments Section. NOTE: Do not use a textbook as a reference — seek out professional and scholarly reference sources, including our weekly readings. Monday Week 2 Day 7 Week Three: Courts: Role, Process, and Impact Details Due Points Objectives 3.1 Evaluate the diverse roles of the courtroom personnel and participants in shaping both substantive law and procedural law relating to the criminal justice system. 3.2 Analyze the relationship of the courts of the criminal justice system when establishing legal standards applicable to the professional practice of criminal justice. 3.3 Evaluate the constitutional foundations and safeguards and how they apply to the criminal law and adult and juvenile proceedings. 3.4 Assess the relationship of crime, criminal law, and liability. Readings Read this week’s Read Me First. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Examine this week’s Additional Readings. Discussion & Participation Participate in weekly class discussions (eight substantive posts on at least three class days). Each Week Learning Team Instructions Begin preparing for Learning Team assignment: Constitutional Safeguards Analysis Individual Instruction Prepare and submit Week 2 Summary Wed Week 3 Day 2 Individual Court Evaluation Judges, prosecutors, and defense counsel perform diverse roles for effective operation of courts. Each holds broad power, authority, and responsibility in duty and function. Their relationships are both independent and interdependent. Legal and ethical standards guide the relationships, duties, and responsibilities of each profession. The actions of judges, prosecutors, and defense counsel affect both substantive and procedural law. Write a 1,050 to 1,400 word paper in which you assess and evaluate the above issues and concepts. Format your paper to APA guidelines. Submit your paper to the Assignments Section. Note: Do not use a textbook as a reference – seek out professional and scholarly reference sources, including our weekly readings. Monday Week 3 Day 7 Learning Team Policing Perspective: Theory and Application Write a 1,400 to 2,100 word paper responding to policing and crime control theory and application. Evaluate the past, present, and future trends affecting the development and operations of policing. Limit your past-trend discussion to post-World War II trends. Classify and interpret some prevailing theories of crime as they apply to policing. Consider the following in your narrative: The effect of crime theories on police  practices The correlation of criminal justice and crime data on crime theories The effects of crime control models and corresponding police practices on due process The future model of policing Format your team assignment to APA guidelines. Designate a team member to post your team’s final assignment on behalf of the team. Post the final assignment in the Assignments Section. NOTE: Do not use a textbook as a reference — seek out professional and scholarly reference sources, including our weekly readings. Monday Week 3 Day 7 Week Four: Corrections: Contemporary Views of Offender Management and Treatment Details Due Points Objectives 4.1 Evaluate past, present, and future trends pertaining to the development and operation of institutional and community based corrections. 4.2 Assess the security, technology, management, and control functions within correctional environments. 4.3 Explain the various educational and treatment programs used in rehabilitation efforts for institutional and community corrections. 4.4 Examine correctional organization and administration functions that reflect operations and fiscal demands. 4.5 Analyze the relationship among jails, prisons, probation, parole, juvenile and community corrections processes. Readings Read this week’s Read Me First. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Examine this week’s Additional Readings. Discussion & Participation Participate in weekly class discussions (eight substantive posts on at least three class days). Each Week Learning Team Instructions Begin preparing for Learning Team assignment: Institutional Corrections in America Research Paper. Individual Instruction Prepare and submit Week 3 Summary Wed Week 4 Day 2 Individual Community Corrections Analysis Write a 1,050 to 1,400 word paper. Evaluate the development, operation, and purpose of community correction systems (probation and parole), and the legal, jurisdictional, and functional differences between these. Analyze the relationship between federal, state, and local community corrections systems and federal, state, and local institutional corrections (hint: consider state versus federal crimes and felony versus misdemeanor crimes and the respective corrections systems that respond to these). Include a discussion of the effects of truth-in-sentencing law on parole and institutional corrections populations. Format your paper to APA guidelines. Submit your paper to the Assignments Section. NOTE: Do not use a textbook as a reference – seek out professional and scholarly reference sources, including our weekly readings. Monday Week 4 Day 7 Learning Team Constitutional Safeguards Analysis Write a 1,400 to 2,100 word paper: Identify and evaluate the constitutional safeguards provided by the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendments to the United States Constitution as they apply to both adult and juvenile court proceedings. Examine the effect these safeguards have on the day-to-day operation of adult and juvenile courts. Discuss any safeguards to eliminate and why your team would eliminate these. Support your recommendation with valid research. Format your team assignment to APA guidelines. Designate a team member to post your team’s final assignment on behalf of the team. Post the final assignment in the Assignments Section. NOTE: Do not use a textbook as a reference – seek out professional and scholarly reference sources, including our weekly readings. Monday Week 4 Day 7 Week Five: Globalization of Criminal Justice: International Perspectives Details Due Points Objectives 5.1 Assess the impact of globalization on the U.S. criminal justice process. 5.2 Compare and contrast international criminal justice systems. 5.3 Discuss the impact of cyber crime on worldwide justice systems. 5.4 Differentiate the policing systems on a worldwide scale. 5.5 Identify major crimes and criminal issues that have a global impact on justice systems and processes. Readings Read this week’s Read Me First. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Examine this week’s Additional Readings. Discussion & Participation Participate in weekly class discussions (eight substantive posts on at least three class days). Each Week Individual Instruction Prepare and submit Week 4 Summary Wed Week 5 Day 2 Individual Instruction Prepare and submit Week 5 and Final Summary Monday Week 5 Day 7 Learning Team Institutional Corrections in America Research Paper Write a 2,500- to 3,000-word research paper regarding Incarceration in America. Evaluate the current state of American institutional corrections. Include analysis of correctional organization and administration functions; assess security, technology, and inmate-management and inmate-control functions, and; analyze the fiscal demands of these functions and programs. Forecast the future of American institutional corrections from past and current corrections trends (limit past-trend examination to post-1950s era corrections) and recommend a criminal justice and corrections philosophy for all states to adopt, supported by your research, evaluation, and analysis. Note: This is a research paper. Develop a thesis about your future forecast or recommendation and present it in your introduction. The Center for Writing Excellence offers assistance for this final assignment (and all previous assignments). Support all assertions with valid and credible research. In your research and thesis design, you may wish to consider any of the following concepts: past (post-1950s) and present incarceration trends and policies; incarceration rates, populations, and overcrowding; crime rates and trends; privatization; incarceration and sentencing initiatives and practices; use of incarceration alternatives; management, organizational, and inmate-supervision functions and practices; fiscal demands; inmate health-care; educational, vocational, and recreational opportunities; rehabilitative programs; and other corrections concepts. Format your team assignment to APA guidelines. Include an abstract with this writing (Abstract is graded separately and worth 2 of the 12 points) Designate a team member to post your team’s final assignment on behalf of the team. Post the final assignment in the Assignments Section. NOTE: Do not use a textbook as a reference – seek out professional and scholarly reference sources, including our weekly readings.

Estimated compensating wage differentials

( B ) Critically appraise the findings of empirical surveies that have estimated compensating pay derived functions. Compensating derived function is a term used in labour economic sciences to analyse the relation between the pay rate and the unpleasantness, hazard, or other unwanted properties of a peculiar occupation. A counterbalancing derived function, which is besides called a compensating pay derived function or an equalizing difference, is defined as the extra sum of income that a given worker must be offered in order to actuate them to accept a given unwanted occupation, comparative to other occupations that worker could execute. One can besides talk of the counterbalancing derived function for an particularly desirable occupation, or one that provides particular benefits, but in this instance the derived function would be negative: that is, a given worker would be willing to accept a lower pay for an particularly desirable occupation, comparative to other occupations. The thought of counterbalancing derived functions has been used to analyse issues such as the hazard of future unemployment, the hazard of hurt, the hazard of insecure sex, and the pecuniary value workers place on their ain lives. ( Wikipaedia ) A batch of theoretical accounts have been presented by different writers of the universe sing counterbalancing pay derived functions and a batch of surveies have been made as good. Based on these surveies, studies and analyses findings have been published in the diaries, newspapers and web sites. These publications stressed on the compensating pay derived functions non merely for the workers exposed to decease due to accidents but on the other grounds as good. The term ‘Risk Premium ‘ is besides used as an option to the compensating pay derived functions for the workers making unsafe occupations. Marin and Psacharopoulos ( 1982 ) , in the first paper utilizing British informations from the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys ( OPCS ) Occupational Mortality Decennial Supplement 1970-72, find grounds of a pay premium for exposure to fatal hazard. Sandy and Elliott ( 1996 ) and Arabsheibani and Marin ( 2000 ) utilizing similar informations over the period 1979 to 1983, and Siebert and Wei ( 1994 ) utilizing Health and Safety Executive ( HSE ) information for 1986 to 1988, all find grounds of a fatal hazard premium. Another survey has been made in the Hong Kong sing counterbalancing pay derived functions giving particular accent on the hazard associated with the workplace human death. The information has been collected from the 1991 nose count and so it has been merged with the accident informations provided by the Labour Department. A theory has been presented by Thaler and Rosen in 1976. The appraisal of counterbalancing pay derived functions has been carried out with the undermentioned expression W = a0+ a1X + a2P + vitamin E Where tungsten is the pay rate, X a vector of single and occupation features, including the usual human capital variables ; P is a step of occupation hazard and vitamin E is an error term. Over the past two decennaries surveies have estimated compensating pay derived functions by utilizing this equation. The consequence usually suggests that a positive and important compensating pay derived function for the occupations with mortality hazard is found majorly in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Japan. Another of import factor the compensating pay derived functions has been identified as ; child punishment ‘ . The fact that female parents tend to gain less than adult females without kids seems to be good established in the economic literature and is calledkid punishmentorhousehold spread. Several research workers found natural pay spreads of about 20 % for the US, 13 % for the UK and up to 20 % for Germany. In order to look into the impact of maternity on the pick between monetary and non-pecuniary occupation features the German Socio-Economic Panel ( GSOEP ; 1984-2003 ) was used by Christina in 2006. The sample of involvement consists of adult females during their fertile period, defined as the age from 16 to 46. The dataset provides elaborate information about personal and occupation features, about monetary and in peculiar non-pecuniary 1s. Besides it reports satisfaction with the occupation what is used as a placeholder for public-service corporation and allows proving if both monetary and non-pecuniary occupation features determine jointly the satisfaction of a female parent. The longitudinal nature of the information allows detecting female parents around first birth. The dataset used is the German Socioeconomic Panel ( GSOEP ) , which is a annually repeated study of Germans and Foreigners in West and East Germany ( 1984-2003 ) . Since 1984 the GSOEP follows the members of the panel. In 2003 the GSOEP provided information about more than 12000 families dwelling of more than 24000 people In order to prove the hypothesis of the kid punishment as a compensating pay derived function, the following methodological analysis, divided in three parts, has been conducted. A first measure was to look into if motherhood truly affects the occupation features, i.e. if non merely the pecuniary but besides the non-pecuniary occupation features change after maternity and therefore the loss of pay might be compensated with an addition in comfortss. In order to gauge alterations in occupation features around and after maternity, an event survey analysis has been used which surveies the effects of first birth on a assortment of occupation features. A 2nd necessary measure was to demo if and how certain occupation characteristics enter the public-service corporation of female parents. Harmonizing to theory of counterbalancing pay derived functions both monetary and non-pecuniary features determine jointly the public-service corporation of a worker. In instance a female parent is willing to give up portion of her income in order to hold a more household friendly occupation, certain occupation features have to counterbalance for this loss in pay and therefore rais e the public-service corporation of a female parent. In order to prove this through empirical observation satisfaction arrested developments has been used. In a last measure the existent compensating pay derived function has been measured, i.e. how much of their pay female parents is willing to give up for holding a occupation with more comfortss ( less disamenities ) . Therefore as a last measure a hedonistic pay arrested development has been run including certain ( dis- ) comfortss as control variables. The decision of the above treatment reveals that the compensating pay derived functions have been surveies by many of the analysts around the Earth utilizing different methodological analysiss and statistics. These surveies helped the users understanding the tendency sing counterbalancing pay derived functions and the impact on workers.MentionsWikipaedia hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compensating_wage_differential Arnaud Dupuy, Wendy Smits How Large is the Compensating Wage Differential for R & A ; D Workers hypertext transfer protocol: //ftp.iza.org/dp4194.pdf Andrea Christina Felfe 2006 The kid punishment – A compensating pay derived function hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eale.nl/conference2006/Papers % 20Friday % 2017.00 % 20- % 2019.00/add15235.pdf Joseph Lanfranchi, Henry Ohlsson, Ali Skalli Compensating Wage Derived functions And Shift Work Preferences* Evidence from France hypertext transfer protocol: //gupea.ub.gu.se/dspace/bitstream/2077/2897/1/gunwpe0055.pdf Asiatic Economic Journal 1998, Vol 12 No. 2 Wage Compensation for Job Risks: The Case of Hong Kong hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ln.edu.hk/econ/staff/xdwei/docs/edman/wei_aej.pdf Jean Abraham, Stephanie Lluis 2008 Compensating Derived functions and Fringe Benefits: Evidence from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 1997-2004 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2001/03/art4full.pdf

Early Marriage Advantages

Early Marriage Advantages Introduction Marriage and family are the two institutes which form the basic building blocks of communities and by extension the society. Sudha (2000, p.198) declares that marriage is a fundamental universal social institute that â€Å"facilitates proper progeny and helps to have life long companionship and family life†.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Early Marriage Advantages specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This assertion is true since it is through marriage that children are raised and the continuity of a community assured. While the importance of marriage is universally appreciated, there are many differing opinions as to the age at which a person should get married. While marriage at a young age was favored in the past, modern day society advocates for later marriage. This is despite the many benefits that are to be gained by early marriage. This paper will argue that people should marry at an early age , this age ideally being 18 years. The paper shall demonstrate that early marriage has many significant advantages most notable of which are: it inhibits crime, it results in stronger families being build and lastly, it reduces the probability of the youth engaging in risky sexual behaviors. A Case for Early Marriage Marriage reduces the likelihood that a person will engage in criminal activity. Particularly, marriage is credited with inhibiting male crime and is associated with lower crime among men. Sampson, Laub and Wimer (2006, p.500) explicitly state that marriage is a potentially transformative institution that may assist in promotion desistance from criminal behavior†. The reason why marriage might lead to lower crime is because it results in a marked change in a persons daily routines. Sampson, Laub and Wimer (2006) note that â€Å"unstructured socializing activities with peers by people aged 18 to 26 increases the likelihood of deviant behavior†. Being married at the early age of 18 has the potential of changing activities such as frequent socializing with deviant peers. It can therefore be asserted that early marriage improves the quality of life for the married couple and the society at large. By reducing the likelihood of the person engaging in crime, the individual is able to engage in more productive activities. This benefits his immediate family and contributes to the well being of the society. Young couples have a higher likelihood of building stronger families than older couples. This is because younger people have not yet formed rigid perceptions concerning life. Strong, Devault and Cohen (2010) state that most marriages are built on the idea that one can change their partner following the marriage union and mold them into more desirable people.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As such, both parties to a marriage en ter into the union hoping to change certain behaviors in each other. Young people are more flexible and open minded as compared to older ones. As such, it is easier for a younger couple to forge a coherent family than for an older couple who have already built independent perceptions of life over the years. Marriage at an early age significantly decreases the probability of an individual engaging in risky sexual behavior. We live in an age that is rife with sexually transmitted infections (STIs). While there is risk of infection for both married and unmarried people, the risk to the unmarried people is heightened. The reason for this is that unmarried people are more likely to engage in risky sexual activities with multiple partners. Ellis (2004) goes ahead and advocates early marriage as a means for curbing promiscuity which is one of the causes of the prevalence of STIs among youths. Marriage results in less risky behavior therefore increasing the probability of better health for a person. In addition to this, there is a positive correlation between marriage and the increased mental and physical well being of an individual (Smith, 1999). Counterargument and Refutation One of the most potent argument raised by opponents of early marriage is that marrying young may result in poverty for the couple. This is not an empty argument since as a matter of fact; most young people are economically insecure. Therefore, when these two people with limited financial capabilities come together in marriage, they cannot assist each other to become financially sound. While it is true that marrying young is often accompanied by economic insecurities, this is not a permanent state of affairs. The young couple has the ability to grow into financial security together. The notion that early marriage results in poverty is based on the assumption that the young couple will lack opportunities to better themselves. This is not true since both parties work towards achieving self-relianc e and economic empowerment. Sudha (2000) notes that both parties in the marriage are encouraged to pursue higher education and engage in employment in addition to the activities concerning marriage and family. Another argument advanced against marrying young is that it increases the likelihood of divorce. Opponents of early marriages state that the young are more likely to resort to divorce than older couples. Strong, Devault and Cohen (2010) suggest that the reason why young marriages are more prone to divorce is because of the immaturity and impulsive nature of the partners.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Early Marriage Advantages specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This argument fails to consider that divorce rates are on the increase for all ages (Harvey, 2006). In addition to this, research by Ruggles (1997) states that marital dissolutions have increased dramatically over the last century and while only 5% of m arriages entered into in 1987 ended in divorce, a phenomenal 50% of marriages entered into in 1967 are forecasted to end up in divorce. This dramatic rise in divorce rates has been blamed on a number of factors most notably of which are the increases in the earning power of women in the USA. This assertion by Ruggel is corroborated by Bianchi et al (1996) who declare that while there are many reasons for the rising rates of divorce, the most important factor is the changes in the female labor force over the last two decades. The reason for this is that the wifes employment provides an economic alternative to an unhappy marriage. Conclusion and opinion This paper set out to argue that people should marry at a young age so as to reap the benefits that accompany early marriage. The current reality is that the gap in years between the legal adult age (18) and marriage has increased significantly over the past three decades. This paper has outlined the various advantages that come with g etting married while young. It has been noted that early marriage reduces the likelihood of a person engaging in criminal activities or risky sexual behavior. In addition to this, early marriages result in strong bonds being formed between the couple. With this benefits that marriage beings about as highlighted in this paper, more people should be encouraged to marry at a young age. References Bianchi, S.M. et al. (1996). American Women in Transition. CA: Russell Sage Foundation. Ellis, H. (2004). Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 6. Online-ebooks. Harvey, J.H. (2006). Handbook of Divorce and Relationship Dissolution. NY: Routledge.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ruggles, S. (1997). â€Å"The Rise of Divorce and Separation in the United States, 1880 – 1990†. Demography, Vol 34- No. 4, November 1997: 455-466. Sampson, J.R., Laub, H.J., Wimer, C. (2006). â€Å"Does Marriage Reduce Crime? A Counterfactual Approach to Within-Individual Causal Effects†. Criminology Volume 44, No. 3. Smith, J. P. (1999). â€Å"Healthy Bodies and Thick Wallets: The Dual Relationship Between Health and Economic Status†. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 13: 145-66. Strong, B., Devault, C., Cohen, F.T. (2010). The Marriage and Family Experience: Intimate Relationships in a Changing Society. NY: Cengage Learning. Sudha, D. Gender Roles. USA: APH Publishing, 2000.

Master Your Interview Questions with these 3 Savvy Strategies

Master Your Interview Questions with these 3 Savvy Strategies You’ve scored the job interview. Congratulations! Now you have to get the job. You know the drill: get a good night’s sleep, dress smartly, show up on time, shake hands, and be charming and informed. But here are three things you maybe haven’t thought of, strategies that can make all the difference and help you ace your interview.1. Know Before You GoMemorize the job description, make sure you have all the skills required so you can sell yourself precisely for the position. Brush up on the latest news and trends in your field. If there are any holes in your knowledge, plug them up. Learn everything you can about the company and your future coworkers. Go the extra mile and prove your interest and expertise.2. Sell It SweetCraft and hone your elevator pitch; it’s the best way to buttress your resume and cover letter and to put a face and a message to your application. Remember, you have 30 seconds to give your spiel- make it matter. And stay positive. No mat ter what your reasons for looking for a new job, focus on your big dreams and ambitions. Focus on what a difference you can make in that position at that particular company. Your enthusiasm and positive attitude will be contagious.3. No HumblebraggingWhen the interviewer asks you what your biggest weakness is, be honest. Frame it constructively, of course, but don’t just spew out something that you hope will secretly count as an extra strength. There’s plenty of time to brag about your accomplishments. This is the time to be actually humble. Express that you have faced challenges before and are always working constructively to overcome them and learn from your mistakes.Remember, your interviewer wants to know two things: first, that you have the skills and expertise to do the job, and second, that you’d be a good fit in their workplace culture. Show them how easily you fit the bill.

I Sought My Brother Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

I Sought My Brother - Essay Example Evans and S. Allen Counter (Harding 1). These two authors transverse the Suriname rain forests, of the independently new black republic along the South American central north coast. Driven by a deep feeling of ancestral calling, the authors went to seek ways out, in which the communities descended from enslaved Africans that rebelled against their Dutch masters and fled into the jungles in the last half of the 18th century. As a result, stunning pictorials have been presented due to the series of pilgrims. Allan counter was very interested in finding out about the Bush African Americans of whom were basically untouched by modern civilization and lived deep in the jungles of Suriname in absolute isolation (Harding 1). Counter wanted to know how much of the original African culture was retained by the Bush African Americans because he thought it is significant for all African American people. The accounts of I sought my brother are condensed experiences from 1972 to 1978. However, the two authors are successful in conveying the feeling of strong emotions as well as the spiritual experience that were considered central to the adventure of courage. For example, during the last several days of the perilous boat ride on the first adventure, the authors eventually met the people they were looking for, and were overwhelmed by the thought of having traced their living ancestors, their pre-slavery bloodline of whom were still alive. In addition, Evans and Counter documented very well the totality, vitality as well as life of the mostly remote African American river communities in Suriname (Harding 1). Viewing the numerous pages of photographs, in both black and white and in color format, it is easily understandable why the authors said, â€Å"our eyes continuously told us we were in Africa, while our minds knew we were in South America.† One interesting thing about the villager’s traditions